Marketing Assignment Sample

Showcasing Assignment Sample Showcasing Assignment Sample A showcasing task is an activity which is broadly utilized in the different instructive projects. Reenacting an advertising plan of a fanciful organization offers understudies the chance to test their aptitudes by and by with no genuine danger of misfortune. The advertising task test gives a case of a promoting plan of a nonexistent strategic organization: it completely depicts the structure of the venture and the fundamental standards of its working. Objectives Making cargo sending organization with the arrangement of the territorial workplaces (branches, separate developments) of the load conveyance; Association of the unpredictable assistance for the little part shipments of the expected clients, including cargo sending, protection, warehousing, and entryway to-entryway conveyance; Expanding the piece of the overall industry of cargo sending and warehousing administrations. Offices The business office is liable for client support, acknowledgment of uses and reports on transportation, enlistment of waybills, the provincial bearers, and fascination of the new clients. The lawful division is dealing with the cases, communication with the territorial agents on legitimate issues just as the arrangement and the board of agreements both with the customers and the vehicle organizations. Local advancement office works with the opening of the new branches, the quest for stockrooms, workplaces and local transporters, the territorial freight promoting research, and the publicizing efforts. Cargo sending office is answerable for moving stock and guaranteeing the execution of utilizations for the conveyance of load. The support of its own vehicle leave, including the section of assessment and acquiring grants, additionally has a place with its mastery. The arrangement of the extra administrations for the carriage of products by different sorts of transport (railroads, planes, holder transportation) just as the association and control of the universal campaign of merchandise are likewise basic here. Arranging Budget The start of the system of development of the spending plan is the notice sent by email to all leaders of the money related duty habitats for 5 days preceding the cutoff time for the accommodation of the spending demands. From that point forward, the obligation community chiefs present their spending demands inside the month to month financial plan not later than on the tenth day of the month going before the start of the spending time frame. For the viable authority over the consumption of money, it is expected to present the extra operational arranging, which ought to be correlative to the financial plan. Operational money related arranging incorporates the planning and execution of the installment plan, the money plan, and the credit plan. Setting the Price The estimation of administrations according to the clients can essentially differ. Consequently, the absence of the record in the evaluating prompts the way that a lot of cash stays in somebody else’s pocket. It isn't in every case simple to adjust to the size of value vacillations in the estimation of the purchaser however it is the best way to forestall the disappointment of passing up on the significant chances for benefit. It is likewise important to think about the interests of the dedicated clients. For it, it is proposed to present a rebate card framework. The embodiment of the presentation of a rebate card should guarantee that customers are furnished with persistent consistent or combined markdown rates in every aspect of the organization, which is communicated in the level of the admission or the particular numerical terms. Start While picking a cargo sending organization, which is occupied with payload shipping, the client is constantly centered around the earnestness of the conveyance just as the value quality proportion. This is one of the most significant rules by which the customer settles on their decision. Regardless of whether the organization offers the low cost to the client yet doesn't agree to the expressed calendar for transportation, the client goes to the organization with the more significant expenses yet with a normal recurrence of shipments anticipated in the terms of conveyance. Numerous new organizations commit this error that prompts their liquidation at the main start of the working time frame. In this manner, to keep away from such slip-ups, it is imperative to show the anticipated shipments recurrence to the customer that will be accessible to see online whenever of a day. Moreover, to arrive at the best possible speed of conveyance and quality at the opening of the organization, it is important to utilize the administrations of the other calculated organizations. In view of this plan, the underlying activities would give no benefit or even give some misfortune. Regardless, such advance is unavoidable, as without it, the improvement of cargo sending action would be outlandish. At you can get a top notch custom task on any Marketing subject you need.

Pollution in China Essay

Presentation China, with its fast industrialisation appears to have followed through on its cost by seeing steeply rising degrees of contamination. With a great many to a great extent unregulated businesses, the immense waterways, streams and lakes have become simple roads for concoction, material and tanning ventures to release their harmful substance freely. The paper talks about the contamination in China, its effect on the earth and how it has influenced the lives of individuals.  An Overview of Pollution in China  A report by the World Bank (China 2007) has called attention to that China is confronting expanded degrees of contamination that has stayed up with the rising industrialisation of country China. The report calls attention to that the utilization of vitality in China has went up by 70 % somewhere in the range of 2000 and 2005. The utilization of coal has likewise expanded by 75% and this has made a comparing increment noticeable all around contamination. The report calls attention to that China’s discharges of SO2 and ash were individually 42 percent and 11 percent higher creation it the biggest polluter on the planet. The report additionally calls attention to that contamination of water, streams, lakes has likewise expanded to disturbing levels. Water contamination is additionally a reason for genuine concern and during 2001 and 2005, around 54 percent of the seven principle waterways in China contained water esteemed risky for human utilization. The report brings up that the financial weight of untimely mortality and horribleness because of air contamination was157.3 billion Yuan in 2003, or 1.16 percent of by WHO. The report proposes that contamination costs China in excess of 147 billion Yuan a year as expanded wellbeing related expenses. A report from CBS news says â€Å"China’s air contamination appears to be an issue only for that nation, reconsider. The stuff heaving in China has now been distinguished in the United States, and some suspect it’s starting to influence the U.S. atmosphere China’s sweeping residue and ash cloud going toward the West Coast hits Hawaii first, and that might be the reason temperatures in Hawaii are rising. A great deal of early-PC displaying of Chinese pollution’s consequences for the worldwide atmosphere is ending up being outright off-base. This is the reason an enormous new investigation with ground and air checking across Asia begins next year† (Yinchaun, 31 March 2000). Following table shows the air quality in China Table 1. Patterns in Air Quality in China’s Cities (%) (China, 2007) The accompanying table shows the dispersion of particulate issue in air Table 2. Conveyance of PM10 and SO2 Levels in 341 Cities, 2003 and 2004 (China, 2007)  The rundown of toxins that contaminate China re gave in the accompanying table. Table 4. Rundown of significant contaminations and their classifications (China, 2007)  Clare (Clare D’Souza, 2002) reports that â€Å"Energy utilization, particularly coal utilization, is the fundamental wellspring of air toxins, for example, particles, SO2, NOx, and CO in many urban areas of China. As the essential vitality source, coal has represented around 65 to 70 percent (China Statistical Yearbook 2004) of all out vitality utilization as of late, which has caused numerous ecological and human medical issues. Raw petroleum utilization has been expanding a direct result of the quick extension of the engine vehicle armada in numerous urban communities. As of late, epidemiological investigations directed the world over have exhibited that there are close relationship between air contamination and wellbeing results. PM10 and SO2 are picked in numerous investigations as the demonstrative poisons for assessing the wellbeing impacts of encompassing air contamination. In spite of the fact that the components are not completely comprehended, epidemiological proof proposes that open air contamination is a contributing reason for dismalness and mortality. Epidemiological examinations have discovered predictable and intelligent relationship between air contamination and different results, including respiratory manifestations, diminished lung work, constant bronchitis, and mortality†. The creator proposes that industry â€Å"size† is questionable concerning natural issues. In certain investigations enormous ventures have been regarded to be more contamination serious in examination with little undertakings. The creator reports that little endeavors as being all the more earth well disposed because of their size and saw little plants as unmistakably more contamination serious in light of the fact that they are troublesome and expensive to control. Experimental research has recommended that undertaking size is contrarily associated with discharges power in creating nations. World Bank and different establishments have discovered that little endeavors are contamination escalated (Mani, 1997).  Karshenas (1992 creator has pointed that the Winter’s (model of business and nature might be a progressively proper method of moving toward the issue. As per the creator, â€Å"enterprises might not have aced flawlessness as far as environmental supportability yet ventures can cause a methodical evaluation of the territories where upgrades to can be presented. Despite the fact that Winter goes past customary administration hypothesis, the model stresses naturally stable procedures and practices directly all through a firm, from organization strategy, representative relations, gracefully chain, advertising and showcasing. A firm ought to think about avoidance, decrease, reusing and removal of squanders all through its activities. They should utilize manageable contributions to earth agreeable assembling forms that bring about greener yields (for example keeping up naturally inviting procedures for an item from support to grave). This would end up being gainful, given that the end clients, be they industry or customers, are focused on utilizing green items. In a perfect world, undertakings should assume responsibility for their own operational structure by survey cleaner fabricating as a serious and vital test, they should depend on assembling life-cycle investigation, natural reviewing and ecological revealing. Actually an undertaking can't consider making an item naturally solid without thinking about how its crude material procurement, improvement, producing, circulation, deals and removal frameworks sway on the earth. The creator recommends that has gone above and beyond by expressing that supervisors in a green endeavor start from an alternate outlook. They perceive that turning out to be green is a chance to build up a novel situation in a specialty advertise or, by having the option to create a higher worth item with less assets, to increase an upper hand. He proposed a trisect by which manageable business depends on the idea of adjusting environmental, monetary and social factors†..  Action to battle contamination  The legislature of China has tried harder in battling contamination and has sorted out teams at the nearby levels. The structure is appeared in the accompanying figure. Figure 1. Principle Government Partners in the Project  The report has recognized various measures to battle contamination and these are shown in the accompanying table. Table 4. Segments and Pollutants Included in the CECM (China, 2007) The group has actualized certain means to battle the contamination and these are shown in the accompanying figure.  Figure 2. Stream Chart for Estimating the Economic Cost of Pollution (China, 2007)  The following advances have been proposed: Stage 1: Identify the contamination factors, dirtied zone, and related conditions. Stage 2: Determine influenced endpoints and set up portion reaction connections for contamination harm. Stage 3: Estimate populace (or other) exposures in dirtied regions. Stage 4: Estimate physical effects from contamination utilizing data from stages 2 and 3. Stage 5: Convert contamination impacts in physical terms to contamination costs in money related terms. Rash response by the Chinese government (Wang Xiangwei. 4 Jun 4, 2007) reports that the Chinese government is suspicious about keeping up a decent picture about China, for fears that it might hurt its business stakes. The creator reports that the most advantageous path for China to control contamination is by imprisoning activists who point out the issues of contamination. The creator reports about the town of Wuxi and how it was influenced by contamination. â€Å"For many years, Wuxi , on the edge of Tai Lake, was the jealousy of the country. In the core of the Yangtze River delta and known as â€Å"the place that is known for fish and rice†, it was presented with prolific land and plentiful conduits, and was additionally home to renowned artists, painters and industrialists. Since as of late notwithstanding, the city has become a smelling damnation for its 5,000,000 inhabitants as a blue-green algal sprout from the vigorously dirtied lake debased the city’s faucet water, making it putrid and undrinkable. In the wake of scrambling for six days with crisis measures, Wuxi authorities said yesterday the faucet water was drinkable. In any case, the occupants, who have depended on filtered water for drinking and cooking, have each motivation to be dubious. Xinhua has revealed that after the typical cleaning helps, for example, enacted carbon neglected to expel the scent, the city received what Mayor Mao Xiaoping called â€Å"a intense move† by pouring tremendous measures of potassium permanganate (Condy’s precious stones) into water-admission focuses. This permitted the solid oxidizing specialist to expel putrid issue from the channels. In any case, Xinhua neglected to clarify that potassium permanganate is unsafe and can be a wellbeing hazard. As the Wuxi authorities boldly guaranteed credit for winning the fight against the water emergency, none of them yet had the respectability to apologize to the enduring inhabitants. Every one of them have accused factors outside their ability to control †higher-than-typical temperatures that assisted with encouraging the development of the green growth, an absence of downpour and great breeze conditions, and the most minimal water level in the lake in five decades. Actually, the basic reason for the emergency is the lake’s substantial contamination †as a few terrain tree huggers have rep

Observations of an MIT Sophomore

Observations of an MIT Sophomore I didnt mean to write this entry. I sat down to write about some recent events Ive been meaning to blog about for a while and well, I started writing this instead. You only have one freshman year. Live it up. Pass/No Record is not an excuse to slack off and not learn the basics its a chance to adjust to MIT and learn the study habits youll need for the next four years without having to be (as) afraid of failure. Dont save all your work for the night before its due. Seriously. Caffeine is not a substitute for sleep. Try and get 8 hours a night your body (and your friends, and your grades) will thank you. Excuses are for high school. Sometimes its possible to get extensions or have allowances made for extraordinary circumstances but you shouldnt rely on it. Remember that compassion isnt a prerequisite to becoming a professor at this school. In my humble opinion, xkcd used to be a lot funnier than it currently is. Sic transit gloria mundi. Running into people you havent really talked to for a year can be immensely satisfying. At MIT, we have the luxury of being within walking distance of one of the worlds greatest cities. Itll take you at least four years to explore everything Boston has to offer. Get started soon. Sometimes, you should just T it. and sometimes you should F the T. The hard part is figuring out when. One thought about choosing your living group: its not about the quality of the facilities, but rather the character of the people who live in them. Help is rarely as far away as you think it is. Dont be afraid to take advantage of it. Dont be afraid to approach your professors whether its because you have a question about lecture, youre hoping to get a UROP in their lab, or anything else. This is how Melis and I got an interview with Eric Lander last year. The worst they can do is say no, and either way theyll know your face the next time you ask. :) If you ever find yourself saying you dont have time for a boyfriend/girlfriend/significant other, youre doing something wrong. Dont pick ozonolysis. You dont have to go out and party every Friday night to be popular. In fact, if you go out and party just because its Friday and not because you actually trying to have fun, youre just a sheep. Regarding East Campus and West Campus: yes, theyre different. Thats the point. But were still all MIT students. MIT is one of the few institutions in the world that offers you near complete freedom in choosing where you live. Whether you live in a dorm for four years or you join an FSILG, dont overlook the value of Rush. Theres sometimes a grain of truth to the stereotypes you hear spread around. But more often than not, that grain is microscopic. In the long run, its better to judge the rest of MIT and its students for yourself. Its true: sometimes, going back and forth across the river just to get to school is a pain. But at the same time, its taught me how to keep walking, even when Im going against the wind. Its showed me exactly the value of knowing exactly how many smoots away I am from Hell plus or minus an ear or two. Its helped me find time to walk by myself for a while and just think about things. And Im grateful for that. Trying to develop your own personal website can be a great exercise in learning HTML and CSS. LaTeX is your friend except when its not. But its still worth learning, or at least playing around with. Of course, Im biased. Sometimes its good to just step away from everything and everyone online and just exist in the real world whether its studying, hanging with your friends, or just being by yourself and thinking about the world. Facebook, AIM, and your inbox can all wait. Finding time for your high-school hobbies writing, an instrument, reading can be hard at MIT. But its worth it. Im trying to get back into poetry. :) Donating blood or volunteering at a blood drive is one of the easiest and simplest ways you can make an impact on someones life without even having to leave campus. Sometimes its okay to do silly things. Dont forget to take care of yourself. Eat breakfast. Dont skip other meals. Cook for yourself every now and then. Try and get into a consistent workout schedule MITs athletic facilities are fantastic and free or join an intramural team. Do something just for fun. Have you ever noticed how sometimes you can be so focused on taking the perfect photo that you forget to just enjoy the moment? Call your parents. No, really. Read this entry, which makes this sound like a cavemans muttering in comparison. But trust me: youll be glad you did. Some people cant be replaced, no matter how hard you try. But that doesnt mean you shouldnt welcome new faces in their place. Stand up for yourself as a student. Strive to make this school everything you thought it would be when you were a prefrosh. Remember that culture is truly defined by the students who actually create it and are part of it not the administrators who impose it from ten thousand feet up. Above all else, keep MIT special. No one is going to respect you simply based on the title (or titles) you hold. Conversely, it is possible to be incredibly influential and respected in an organization without ever holding an official title. The pace and energy of this place make it hard to find time to reflect. Its still worth trying. Some of the most important mentors Ive had at MIT have never been officially recognized as an advisor by any department or academic office. Dont compromise on what you believe in. People screw up in your classes or your relationships or whatever else. At MIT, its pretty much bound to happen sooner or later. Rather than beating yourself over the head, its better to just dust yourself off, learn from your mistakes, and get back up swinging.

A Leadership Style And Interventions - 999 Words

Leadership style and interventions A coach’s leadership style can have a dramatic influence on the outcome of the coaching process. A democratic leader coach promotes autonomy and growth in individuals when cooperation and coordination is necessary (Marquis Huston, 2012). Mutual decision-making and effective communication are the hallmarks of this leadership style and will be beneficial to Molly as she learns her new roles. A leadership style that is too strict (authoritarian) or too relaxed (laissez-faire) would not suit Molly’s learning needs (Marquis Huston, 2012). Molly requires a supportive, yet structured environment in which to become comfortable and to learn as much as possible. Collaboration will ensure Molly’s learning needs are identified and together the coach and Molly will be able to determine what needs to be taught and the best teaching methods to ensure her learning goals are achieved (Manion, 2011). Identifying Molly’s strengths through self-assessment and reflection will help her with her confidence moving through the coaching process. Step Three – Clarify Expectations and Parameters Before any coaching can begin, an understanding of the role expectations of each party must be established. This ensures each individual knows who will do what throughout the coaching process (Manion, 2011). The role of the coach is to facilitate Molly’s learning in a teaching style, determined together that best suits Molly’s learning needs. Observing herShow MoreRelatedPersonal Leadership Strategies and Interventions1193 Words   |  5 PagesPersonal Leadership Strategies and Interventions Faridah BUS: 610 Organizational Behavior Instructor: Dr. Leo Smith February 5, 2012 Personal Leadership Strategies and Interventions Effective leadership is a collaboration of individual style and execution of strategies. Successful leaders understand and implement tactics which motivate and influence employees to accomplish stated objectives. Regardless of the circumstances, the role of leadership is inherently tied to personality traitsRead MoreStages Of Organisational Development Interventions1624 Words   |  7 PagesVarious stakeholders involved in the change, work together to plan and implement the change in this stage. This is completed through organisational development interventions. There are four types of organisational development interventions and they include, interpersonal, human resource management, strategic and technostructural (Waddell et al. 2015). The situation of innovation and improvement for St Mary’s is most consistent with an interpersonal issue. St Mary’s organisational change requiresRead MoreOpenness Is Key For Success Of Leadership828 Words   |  4 Pages The princi ple of openness is key in the success of leadership. 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Ideally, the nurse should discuss various scenarios with the mother before laborRead MoreEssay on Case Study Analysis L1059 Words   |  5 Pageschallenging their competitive advantage. Furthermore, the inexperienced production manager (owner’s son, Blaine) is using his unearned power as an authoritarian leader to drive change. However, due to poor leader-follower relations, his management style is negatively influencing the synergies ultimately causing a decrease in group productivity and member satisfaction. In addition to causing turbulence between management and the employees, the cost reduction plan resulted in increasing waste and costs

Staffing Organizations - 1563 Words

Coffee Shop Staffing Organizations - Part One 1. Identify the type of employment relationship you would establish between the coffee shop and its Employees, from a legal perspective. Explain your reasoning. In order to determine, from the legal perspective the type of relationship that needs to be establish between the business and its newly hired employees, it is imperative to understand what the definition and the significance of the term â€Å"Employee Relations.† The term â€Å"Employee Relations† is a very broad term that refers to the management, and planning activities that involve the developing, training and improving employees. These activities are accomplished by communicating with the employees through policies and regulations that†¦show more content†¦When dealing with shortage of manpower is a situation a little easier to handle because more hours could be offered to employees in an effort to maintain the productivity of the shop. 5. Outline a strategy for workforce diversity. A diverse workforce is very important for any business to adapt to the always changing demographics. It is especially important for the coffee shop to embrace diversity given the location of the business. My strategy would be first, to develop a hiring strategy to make your workforce resemble the community you operate in. Another easy practice to create a diverse workforce would be to ask existing employees for referrals. Last, but not least, talking to the community organizations to help find candidates. Provide diversity training in your workplace. Diversity training is a vital element of a diversity initiative and signifies the chance for the Coffee Shop, as the employer, to inform and educate the employees about diversity. The goal of diversity training is not only to create and increase awareness of workplace diversity, but also to grow and boost skills among employees to help them communicate more profoundly in the future. Differences in race, sexual orientation, education and work experience can cause tremendous damage between employees and to the business as well. Diversity training has the ability to increase awareness, teach knowledge and educateShow MoreRelatedStaffing and Selection - Person/Job Fit and Person/Organization Fit2206 Words   |  9 PagesThe use of person-job fit and person-organization fit in making selection decisions Pierre-Emmanuel IWEINS 12018013X The Hong Kong Polytechnic University 12018013X@connect.polyu.hk Staffing and Selection MM4161 Simon C.H.CHAN Introduction The goal of any company is to increase its profits and efficiency, and to do that, it need the human capital. Most of the companies have realized their workforce is their most valuable asset because it can give them a competitive advantage. Thus, the duty ofRead MoreStaffing Organizations783 Words   |  4 PagesAssignment 1: Staffing Organizations 1 Staffing Organizations Jeffery E. 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Although finding good predictors requires intuition about the job, the organization, and the type of people who are going to apply, demonstrating which predictorsRead MoreStaffing Organization1867 Words   |  8 PagesStaffing Organization –Part 2 Angela Tabor Dr. Timekee Turner - Battle Business 335 August 22, 2012 Formulate a recruitment plan and strategy that will be used to staff the coffee shop initially and throughout the next three years. The recruitment plan and strategy that will be used to staff the coffee shop initially and throughout the next three years will be to solicit the help of an external recruitment agency. 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What Are the Reason Some People Choose to Have Cosmetic Surgery Free Essays

In this era, there are a number of people immigrating to Canada. They are immigrating for the sake of getting enormous benefits from Canada, but they also face many problems in Canada. They have job problems because of low pay rate. We will write a custom essay sample on What Are the Reason Some People Choose to Have Cosmetic Surgery? or any similar topic only for you Order Now People face another problem regarding their health. The Canadian weather is not better because it is cold, so it has bad effects on immigrants health. There are many problems for immigrants in Canada. They have culture and language problems. They cannot speak good English. There are three main effects of immigrants social life, health, and culture. The first effect on immigration come to Canada is social life. People have problems in social life. For example, full time work does not allow immigrants to enjoy their social lives. Sometimes, they do not get time to meet their parents, and they are not able to meet their friends as well. People are in a fun exciting stage in their life, but their full time schedule for work is destroying their fun in their social life. For instance, they cannot attend any family function and parties where they can meet their social needs of their lives. Immigrants cannot attend other function like New Year functions and parties because of busy schedule. For example, if they have family function with relatives. They do not have time for attend this function. They have a busy schedule of jobs. The second effect on immigrants to Canada is health. People get health- related problems very quickly. For example, the Canadian weather is mostly cold and climatic conditions are quite different from other countries. Moreover, people feel homesickness when they immigrant to Canada because they miss their proximate and dear ones. Therefore, people get health problems very quickly after they immigrated to Canada. The final effect on immigrants to Canada is culture and language. People feel uncomfortable when they need to explain their views with other people and in another language. For example, some people do not know how to speak in English, so they feel odd and insecure. To add up, every community has their own culture. People get problems when they need to adjust to another culture. They feel awkward when showing their culture to other communities. To conclude, there are negative effects on immigrant to Canada. Social life, health, and culture are three major effects of immigration for the domestic and immigrating people. They get sick and feel uncomfortable in Canada. Also, they face many problems, but the number of people immigrating in the future will increase. How to cite What Are the Reason Some People Choose to Have Cosmetic Surgery?, Essays

Limiting Freedom of Speech free essay sample

McCorkle further elaborates these points; By limiting or denying freedom of speech and expression, we take away a lot of potential. We take away thoughts and ideas before they even have opportunity to hatch (307). From the sentence above, the important subject in this reading is very bold that people owns a lot of potential that can be more reached out if they can express themselves freely. All of these points on not to limit peoples expression in the way they want to think and talk can all be related from my own past experience. I still remember when I was in senior high school; I got an assignment from my English teacher to present a group drama. One of the line in the drama was, â€Å"Damn, I can’t stand with this anymore† as we were presenting a drama about a broken-hearted man and his love life. Amazingly, my group got a great appreciation from the audiences and we thought we were one of the best at that time. Despite of having nice grades, when the teacher gave back the result, we got 0 for that assignment. We were very shocked at that time and tried to talk with the teacher. Guess what, it is all because of the line when we used the word â€Å"damn† in the conversation. Thus, I’m trying to point out that there will always be limitation and consequences on our action. In fact, there will be no such time when the world becomes full of opportunities and possibilities that are limitless and people are free to explore the depth of their potentials from the freedom of expression and speech. Furthermore, I recognize there are some other possible ways in which the essays could be interpreted. At first, I personally feel that this ssay is very intriguing, also, I do not fully agree on how parents are supposed to give their children the so called cuss time session in order for them to understand the importance or the meaning of the freedom of speech. As I read all over again, I finally realize and understand something new. Although there will always be a controversy about letting child interact with such bad words, I can understand the concept of per mitting child express their freedom by letting them mouthing bad vocabulary is not just about to make them feel satisfy but rather to keep child from learning it from another person with no authority and responsibility. Also, there are many good ideas and perspective thinking behind the concept of cuss time that will lead children to be more positive in expressing themselves rather than having them express their thoughts under insecure condition and unsafe environment in the future. By that, what I mean is if child don’t get the right lesson on how to use freedom of speech and expression in a positive way, they can use it negatively in a wrong circumstances. Talking about different subject, I can clearly analyze that McCorckle often shifted the tone of her essay slowly to emphasize her points. The tone of humor as well as seriousness of her arguments can be found to be interwoven and one throughout her essay. The choices of words by McCockle to express humor can be easily spotted in the essay especially from her sentence Oh right, an angel of God placed you into the bill of the stork (306). This line is one the most brilliant and clever way to convey a sarcastic humor and create the feeling of funniness in reflecting the consequences of limiting freedom of speech. She then changes the tone to be more serious as the essay comes to an end, where she stated, You can deny who you are and all that came before you and still be thought as a good person. And what can be positive in that? † (307). This shows how the author wants to emphasize her argument about how people tend to camouflage their own potentials and expressions. In addition to the tone, McCorckle also chooses to use few short paragraphs but the essay mostly consists of long paragraph. I can’t tell exactly the exact pattern of the essay because she randomly put a short paragraph in the middle of long paragraph. But from my point of view, it does not affect the organization of the essay and it is still well done. This essay structurally connects very well and is made up of several flashbacks on a different kind of subject, which are tied together. At first, in the first paragraph, McCorkle shares her father’s childhood story to open up the main idea of her essay. Then the structure flows when the author tells a story about her son who share the first line of his own story where he puts some swear words in it and ask for a feedback. This flashback gives an understanding on the origin cuss time, what it is about and why she thinks it is the right way of parenting. The essay continues as Mc Corkle again shares her own flashback story regarding to her first public reading experience where she displayed her own freedom of speech on the reading and ended up getting mocked by others. Finally, these 2 parts of flashbacks are tied up in the last paragraph when she starts to share her thought about the lost of potential in our self when freedom and expression are taken away that make us tend to deny who we really are. Of course, from the title Cuss Time itself, we can easily infer that informal sentences are being used throughout the essay. Vocabulary words such as bitch, fuck, ass, goddamnit can be easily found. In conclusion, I personally think that the author has successfully developed the essay by several reasons. It gives a new idea of how freedom of speech in society should be given to children. In addition, a strong message of how people nowadays dont live in their own life is being conveyed too. Many of us still live in the world full of denial and safely hide under camouflages. Other than that, a bold and clear conclusion from the last paragraph really emphasizes the author’s main points. Other than that, her structure also really contributes to the successfulness of the writing. Even though at first I felt that this writing was a bit intimidating by the use of the words, after reading it several times and understand the author’s arguments fully, I can clearly say that this essay has been one of my exciting and favorite pieces of writing. There is an exciting pleasure that I got as I read throughout the end. Every details and point is well organized. The change of phases and times also flows in a perfect pace, which wraps up the essay with its content and structure neatly. Work Cited McCorckle, Jill. â€Å"Cuss Time†. The Best American Essays. Ed. Robert Atwan. New jajajajNew York: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2011. Print.

Causes and Consequences of Native American Migration

Table of Contents Introduction Causes of Migration Consequences of Migration Conclusion Works Cited Introduction Native Americans are indigenous people in the United States who currently live in parts of Hawaii, Alaska and the neighboring states. Native Americans are thought to have emigrated from Asia into America through the Bering Land Bridge in about 25000 years ago before colonization.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Causes and Consequences of Native American Migration specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They inhabited both North and South America, and when Christopher Columbus discovered their existence, he branded them the Red Indians. According to Sioux, â€Å"before the arrival of the European immigrants, Native Americans lived in all parts of America: they roamed the land and settled in places where they found good hunting or fertile land to grow crops† (5). After finding suitable land, they settled and their population grew into millions, but great immigration of European colonialists and African slaves threatened their population growth thus restricting their spread all over America. Since Native Americans currently occupy few states, what are the causes and consequences of their migration? Causes of Migration The major cause of the migration of the Native Americans stemmed from the great immigration of European colonialists. â€Å"European colonization forced thousands of Native Americans to migrate from their settlements to other parts of America† (Sioux 4). Colonial powers during 15th century compelled Native Americans to leave their fertile lands and utilized these lands for their plantations. Following the agrarian revolution in Europe, industries demanded more agricultural produce thus colonialists led by Christopher Columbus identified America as a new world full of immense agricultural potential. As a result, the ensuing scramble for the American land by the European colonialists led to the displacement of the Native Americans. Moreover, since lifestyles of the Native American were quite simple as they practiced subsistence farming, hunting and gathering immigration of Europeans overpowered them and ruled their land. Ultimately, the colonialists resettled them in marginalized regions of their colonial territories. Forms of colonization such as slavery and racism made Native Americans to leave their settlements in search of safe places where they could exercise their freedom. The Native Americans were famously known as a free society and as Sioux notes, â€Å"natural freedom is the only object of the policy of the Native Americans, with this freedom do nature and climate rule alone amongst them †¦ they are people who live without laws, without police, without religion† (13).Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Th e coming of colonialists threatened their invaluable freedom as they imposed strict rules of slavery through police and introduced a strange religion called Christianity. In face of these threats, the Native Americans moved away in search of reserved regions, free from the influence of colonialists. In addition, racism marginalized the Native Americans in that; they could not access employment opportunities in the colonial government offices or plantations. Given that their lifestyles of hunting and gathering while practicing subsistence farming were incompatible with the colonialists’ lifestyles, they were forced to migrate in order to preserve and pursue their peculiar lifestyles. There were two consecutive severe droughts in the 12th century and 13th century, which affected the Native Americans who lived in San Juan Basin and the Four Corners region. Benson, Petersen, and Stein explain that, â€Å"droughts that occurred during this period weakened the Northern summer mons oon, which resulted in sharp decrease in maize yields, causing the Native Americans to migrate to areas that had more available water† (190). Consequently, the Native Americans migrated away from the San Juan Basin and the Four Corners in search of regions that had enough rainfall and fertile soils for the growth of maize. Although droughts triggered their migration, cultural interconnectivity also enhanced their movement as a community. The Native Americans had cultural villages and multi-villages, which worked together in promoting survival and development of clans through the history; therefore, in case of crises like droughts, clans migrated together as a unit for they controlled communities. Clansmen had powers to assign fertile lands, distribute resources and make decisions that ensured survival of their respective clans and therefore, migration was the only way of surviving the effects of droughts. Diseases also caused migration of the Native Americans. Great immigratio n of colonialists from Europe and slaves from Africa brought with them epidemic diseases such as measles, syphilis and small pox among others. â€Å"Epidemics were overwhelming cause of population decline and subsequent migration of the Native Americans since they lacked immunity to new diseases brought from Europe† (Benson, Petersen, and Stein 203). For instance, small pox severely affected the Native Americans because it killed about a third of the pollution who lived in the western part of the colonial America.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Causes and Consequences of Native American Migration specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Consequently, the Native Americans retreated to their native reserves, avoiding interaction with foreigners. Due to these epidemic diseases, their population drastically reduced forcing them to migrate in a bid to survive. Statistics show that, about 80% of the Native Am erican population died during 16th and 17th century because of epidemic diseases, hence the rest 20% of the population survived through migration. Another cause of migration of the Native Americans was wars. During colonial period and slavery, they fought both British and French militia, which overpowered and drove them away from their land. In addition, they fought during the Civil War hoping the American government would recognize their efforts, reward them by eliminating the longstanding discrimination, and shift them from their reserves into urban areas. Unfortunately, â€Å"while the war raged and Africans Americans proclaimed free, the United States government continued its policies of assimilation, submission, removal, or extermination of Native Americans† (Baird 45). Therefore, the Native Americans suffered during wars making them to migrate to other areas as the government continued to relocate and marginalize them into their ancestral land. Consequences of Migration The constant migration of the Native Americans resulted into serious consequences that affected their economic, social, cultural, religious, and political lifestyles. Economically, the Native Americans lost their land through marginalization by the United States government. Moreover, loss of property and human resources due to wars and diseases decimated their population with time. â€Å"In the 19th century the westward expansion of the United States incrementally expelled large numbers of Native Americans the east areas of their territory, either forcing them into marginal lands further west or by outright massacres† (Baird 48). In addition, migration due to hostility of the immigrants and droughts did not give them enough time to settle economically, a factor that plunged them into abject poverty and vulnerability in terms of economic and political discrimination by the colonialists and the United States government. Their economic status became even worse due to their frag ile lifestyles of subsistence farming, hunting and gathering, since they lost vast tracts of land and squeezed themselves in small ancestral lands. As a result, the Native Americans’ population continued to dwindle and they lacked the numbers to push for any substantial reforms to accommodate them in the independent America.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As aforementioned, the continued migration of the Native Americans predisposed them to marginalization and discrimination. The arrival of the immigrants into their territories, outbreak of diseases, wars and colonialism continually pushed them out of their lands into reserves. As the economy of the United States flourished, they were too far from economic mainstream, thus becoming more susceptible to the marginalization and discrimination that characterized the independent American government. Research studies conducted to find out the effects of immigrants on the labor market show that, â€Å"immigration reduces the labor market opportunities available to the less-skilled natives† (Camarota 35). Influx of immigrants into the United States gradually led to reduction of the labor markets increasing unemployment to the already marginalized Native Americans. Since migration had negatively influenced their connection to mainstream economic activities, they had no access to employ ment and educational opportunities that would have eventually improved their lives economically. The migration of the Native Americans resulted into intermarriages between clans or tribes. Sioux argues that, â€Å"intertribal mixing was common among Native American tribes †¦ entire tribes occasionally split or merged to form more viable groups in reaction to the pressures of climate, disease and warfare† (23). Migration promoted mixing of genes since the Native Americans wanted to increase their decimated population by wars, diseases, massacres, droughts and migration effects. The Native Americans intermarried with the Whites and African Americans; hence, the intermarriages increased their genetic diversity. The diversity of their genetic makeup enhanced their immunity against diseases like small pox because not all Native Americans were susceptible to small pox and other epidemic diseases as before their migrations and intermarriages. The Native Americans lost their cul ture, religious beliefs, and language in the course of their migration and interaction with other communities. Despite having unique culture that valued freedom, simple lifestyles of hunting and gathering coupled with forced migration did not give them ample time to preserve, practice and impart their cultural values, and as a result, the United States government failed to recognize them. The government perceived them as uncivilized and embarked on strategies of ensuring that their children got the right education, which would civilize them. Christian reformers introduced educational system that â€Å"proved traumatic to Indian children who were forbidden to speak their native languages, practice their religion and in numerous other ways forced to abandon their Indian identity and adopt European-American culture† (Fagan 42). In addition, interaction with the Whites and Africans made them change their hunting and gathering lifestyles. All these experiences led to transformatio ns and loss of native culture, religious beliefs and language. Conclusion The Native Americans are the indigenous people of the United States but through the course of history; they have experienced marginalization and discrimination as though they were immigrants. Currently, the dominating populations in the United States are the European Americans and the African Americans, while the Native Americans are diminishing with time. The Native Americans experienced varied hardships that made them migrate continually through centuries making their economical wellbeing very unstable. Although the United States gained the super power status, it continued to evict them into their ancestral lands and discriminated against their culture and religion. They lost vast tracts of lands as result of migration and squeezed themselves in the marginal lands that were not fertile to support their healthy existence. Diseases and wars also decimated their populations reducing then into one of the minorit y groups in the United States America. Works Cited Baird, David. â€Å"We are all Americans in the Civil War.† Native Americans Journal 2.3 (2009): 44-50. Print. Benson, Larry, Kenneth Petersen, John Stein. â€Å"Pre-Columbian Native American Migrations.† Springer Journal 83.2 (2006): 187-213. Print. Camarota, Steven. â€Å"The Wages of Immigration.† Centre for Immigration Studies 12.3 (1998): 3-39. Fagan, Brian. Ancient North America: The Archaeology of a Continent. New York: Thames Hudson Publishers, 2005. Sioux, Tracee. Native American Migration. New York: Rosen Publishing Group, 2004 This research paper on Causes and Consequences of Native American Migration was written and submitted by user Kailey Decker to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

A Look at Victimization in Lolita Essay Example

A Look at Victimization in Lolita Essay Example A Look at Victimization in Lolita Essay A Look at Victimization in Lolita Essay introduces the story; Lolita, or the Confession of a White Widowed Male,(Nabokov, Vladmir Lolita, 3) as written by a middle-aged European pedophile named Humbert Humbert. The essentials of this title immediately strike you as controversial considering that a lolita is a promiscuous young girl and a confession is an admission of ones sins. Hum is viewed as the victimizer by others, but views himself as the victim. He blames Lolita for his disposition, but also feels responsible for causing Lolita so much pain. How can a twelve-year-old girl have so much power over an adult? Who is the victim and who is the victimizer? In the following essay this topic of discussion will be examined thoroughly as we explore Humbert and his love interest, Lolita. The novel is written in first person narrative which creates a pragmatic depiction of Humbert; an obsessive, disillusioned and deviant character. He is full of contradictions and says I knew I had fallen in love with Lolita forever; but I also knew she would not be forever Lolita. (Nabokov, Vladmir Lolita, 7) which meant that he was conscious of the situation he was entering, however he made an excuse for himself to ease his conscious. In part one, you are taken back in time to Hums childhood where you are introduced to his Howell 2 childhood sweetheart, Annabelle. It then becomes evident that his obsession with Lolita started with Annabelle. He was hau nted by the memories of his lost love, therefore the only way to kill Hums pain was to incarnate Annabelle with another. Upon meeting Lolita, Humbert immediately recognizes the similarity between the two. Lolita was a fatal consequence of that princedom by the sea in my tortured past. (Nabokov, Vladmir Lolita, 11) Humbert becomes obsessed with Lolita, this obsession is displayed through his actions, behavior, dialect and need for total control. Humbert manipulates and controls Lolita, as well as others in the novel and even the reader, exhibited by directly addressing them as his jury. Humbert rationalizes with the reader about his obsession with Lolita, manipulating them into thinking he is mentally ill and does not know that his actions are wrong. This is precisely what his plan is; to get the readers to sympathize with him. Humbert starts his manipulation with Lolitas mother, Charlotte, who falls madly in love with him. He recognizes the opportunity to take advantage of Charlottes endearment for him and decides to trick Charlotte into thinking that he is in love with her and marries her to stay close with Lolita. However he does not succeed in doing this because Charlotte is jealous of the affection Lolita receives from Humbert. He successfully ridicules Charlotte for example, as a representative middle class american uffoon but he fails to see that her very inadequacines expose him as well. In some ways Charlotte is very much like Humbert. Charlottes hopeless passion for Humbert for example parallels Humbert for Lolita. Despite Humberts ridicule ,Charlottes romantic feelings are not so different from his, belying his claims that his ecstasies are special. (Wallace, Howell 3 4:2493-2494) Charlotte is very selfish, materialis tic and easily influenced by media. Charlotte Haze has her perceptions and her mode of expression shaped by soap operas, psychoanalysis and cheap novelettes. Humbert is familiar with the patterned experiences and cliched phraseology of these forms and is able to use his knowledge to deceive Charlotte. (Winston, 4:2487) As a writer, Humbert is able to use his literary skills to create Charlottes perfect romantic fantasy, enabling him to be intimate with Lolita without Charlotte noticing. Eventually Charlotte becomes jealous when the majority of Hums attention is directed to Lolita and sends her to summer camp, with proceeding plans to send her to boarding school when she returns home. When Charlotte reveals er plans, Humberts obsession with Lolita comes to an extreme when he considers killing Charlotte for the sole purpose of being next to Lolita. Ironically, Charlottes jealousy leads her to find out the truth of Humberts feelings towards Lolita and in an attempt to expose him for the pedophile he really is, it struck by a vehicle and killed.? Lolita is much like her mother in her fondness for Humbert. Her admiration for him is visible th roughout the book. For example, Lolita has various scribbling and doodles of the two of them together on the walls of her room and the cliched DL HH, enclosed in a heart, carved into her headboard. She also make her adoration evident by the affection she displays. She never leaves his side when they are together and is very flirtatious with him. When Humbert picks Lolita up from Summer Camp after her mothers death, Lolita informs Humbert that she had been unfaithful to him by experimenting sexually with a boy from camp. Lolita is seemingly mature for her age, and is referred to by Humbert as a nymphet. This allegation proves true by her promiscuity at camp Howell 4 and her vampish behavior. Humbert shares with us that he was not at fault in his relationship with Lolita and that it was her who seduced him. This could very easily be regarded as truth due to the path of action she takes. For example, in the Enchanted Hunters hotel room the morning after she returns from camp Lolita questions Humberts past relationships and asks him if he has ever had sex as a child. When he answers no, she proceeds to copulate with him. Humbert states that, for her, sex was just another activity between children, unconnected to what adults do behind closed doors. Lolita likes to play on Humberts emotions, she will intentionally tease him then push him away when he gets close. She often contradicts her actions by threatening to tell the police that Humbert raped her after having sex with him. Lolita constantly hurts Humbert with her indifference and rebuffs him when he pleads for her affection. Humbert often buys gifts for Lolita as an attempt to keep her interested in him. Humbert eventually comes to realize that his continual sexual activity with Lolita has given her an impression that attracts other men and boys. He ries to prevent Lolita from having any other interaction with the male species, and allows Lolita to interact with other girls her age and participate in select activities like horseback riding, tennis and theater in exchange for sexual favors. Humbert often bribes Lolita with money in exchange for intercourse. Humbert emphasizes to Lolita that if she turns him in for rape she will become a ward of the state and be enrolled in t he state-run reformatory school. His desire for Lolita is so strong that he neglects her feeling as a human being, keeping her just content enough to still want intercourse with him. Lolita is very deviant and is able to convince Humbert to take her away on a road trip to Howell 5 wherever she wants to go. He assumes that she just wants to be with him and agrees, little does he know that Lolita has planned to escape him and elope with another man. Lolitas theatrical experience makes it easy for her to deceive Humbert. He observes a man, which seemed to be following them on their journey, but dismisses it for a hallucination. Lolita had been in contact with the man the whole time her and Humbert were traveling. Lolita soon convinces Humbert that she is ill and is taken to a hospital. Humbert decides to stay in a motel close to the hospital, and when he returns to retrieve Lolita, he is informed that she had already been checked out by another relative. This whole plot Lolita had planned provides useful information about her character, taking on the assertion that she had manipulated Humbert into thinking that she was in love with him. Deceiving him so that he would not be suspicious of her other lover. This proves that Lolita was the more manipulative of the two in a romantic setting. Although Lolita had toyed with Hums emotions and pretended to love him, she could have suffered from adolescent bipolar disorder, but was never diagnosed with it. Lolita had almost all of the common symptoms of early-onset bipolar disorder; marked irritability, frequent mood swings, impulsivity, restlessness, silliness, aggressive behavior, rages and explosive temper tantrums, oppositional behavior, grandiosity, hypersexuality, confusion, manipulative behavior, bossiness, lying, and depressed moods. While there is continuing debate over the validity of the diagnosis of mania in hildren, since 1994 a number of systematic clinical investigations and family/ genetic studies have begun to shed light on the presentation and naturalistic course of childhood-onset bipolar disorder, suggesting a developmentally different Howell 6 presentation in young children as compared to its adult form. Adult-onset and juvenile-onset forms of BPD have certain similar features and comorbidities in common, but in the juvenile form of the disorder, the complexities wrought by the frequent overlap of symptoms with other disorders that are far more commonly iagnosed in childhood has had a confounding affect on clinical diagnostic practice for years. (Papolos, Cockerham, Hennen) If she had had this disorder, it could explain why she had been back and fourth with Humbert. She was often irritated with him and often had mood swings after intercourse. Given this information about Lolita were true, it would be in irony that Humbert was suffering from an illness of the same type, trying to make the reader believe that he was indeed mentally ill. Some may think that Humberts relationship with Lolita would be the primary cause of her bipolar nature. However, Lolita displayed signs of adolescent bipolar disorder far before their first sexual encounter. In spite of Lolitas voiced desire for Humbert, Humbert should not have exploited Lolita either. He knew from the beginning that his feeling for her were wrong. Although pedophilia remains illegal, and our culture still considers it morally wrong, recent changes in the APAs own diagnostic and statistical manual (DSM) have reopened the discussion of the psychological dimension of pedophilia. History of the Diagnosis. In the DSM-III, the American Psychiatric Association contended that merely acting upon ones rges toward children was considered sufficient to generate a diagnosis of pedophilia. (Rind) Howell 7 The years after Lolita left were spent being studied by psychologists in various sanitariums for not only the exploitation of young girls, but the Murder of Claire Quincy, Lolitas other Lover. Humbert would have then been labeled a pedophile and received medical help to cure him. However, he also exhibited severe skitzotypical behavior, therefore making it near impossible to diagnose him. He would purposely take on symptoms he did not have, make up illusions, and lie about dreams and thoughts he had, causing a falsified diagnostic. Instead of accepting that he had an illness, Humbert wanted to keep his and Lolitas affair sacred. He may have also had a personality complex which is exhibited in his paranoia and fits of rage, which would explain why he killed Quincey so violently. In conclusion, both Humbert and Lolita were possible victims of mental illness which would have caused them to behave out of the normal character. Each one abused the other, Humbert in pursuing and obsessing over Lolita and Lolita in encouraging Humberts desires for her and making him think that it was acceptable to do so. Humbert really did love Lolita, despite the relationships immorality and was extremely hurt when he had found out that Lolita left him for another man. Humbert is the hero with the tragic flaw. Humbert is every man who is driven by desire, wanting his Lolita so badly that it never occurs to him to consider her as a human being, or as anything but a dream-figment made fleshwhich is the eternal and universal nature of passion.

Nursing Theory Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Nursing Theory - Research Paper Example This partnership has an aim of enabling patients better manage and control the disease. If properly administered and adhered to by both parties, the partnership helps reduce social, economic, physical and psychological effects of chronic illness (Fowler, Kirschner, Van Kuiken and Baas, 2007). In the 21st century, the needs of patients, more so those with chronic illness, continue to draw attention from researchers. The nature of chronic diseases is that they last for a long period of time, developing slowly but surely. Since the majority of the illnesses have no cure, it becomes difficult to predict effects in the long-term. However, with medication some of the symptoms and problems can be tackled. On the contrary some patients find themselves severely affected by the disease. Diseases such as diabetes, depression arthritis, and hypertension may limit individuals’ daily activities. As much as these chronic conditions might have clinical differences, needs arising from the illnesses are similar for patients and their families. For instance it is important to have behavioral changes, emotional and social impacts of symptoms, disabilities, approaching death must be dealt with. The patient must endeavor to take medicines consistently and continue to interact with medi cal care (Marquis and Huston, 2009). On the other hand it is the duty of health care practitioners to ensure patients are better informed and allowed access to the best treatment. In this way the patients will be able to effectively manage their health and death. This goal cannot be realized without effective leadership and management skills by the nurses. Apart from the skills which as vital for the nursing practice, the recovery process can be fostered by good leadership skills by the nurse (Stanley, 2008). One area where the skill can be applied is in influencing legislation and health care policy. Though the level of power of the nurse cannot be compared

Ethnic Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ethnic Studies - Essay Example And now is not different from the past, America, despite of her resources and good life to its people faced countless issues regarding race, ethnicity and varied culture of its immigrants and the so called "native white Americans." These among others are continuously become a subject of heated debates and arguments from scholars, politicians and for every Tom, Dick and Harry. This essay will examine the theories and arguments presented by Patrick J. Buchanan's book entitled The Death of the West. Similarly, the essay will also discuss selected important jurisprudence and laws regarding the Ethnic Population in the United States of America. Buchanan's The Death of the West basically discusses migration of different people to the United States. The author gave his theories and arguments regarding the influx migrants from various parts of the world and how these migrants affects the current society of the United States of America. America was once described as the great melting pot of all the races of Europe which correspondingly paved the movement for reformation. Buchanan argued that the biggest immigration in recent years came from all races of Asia, Africa and Latin America to which Buchanan says "are not melting and reforming." (Buchanan: 3) Consequently, America is faced with an abyss for ethnicity and loyalty. In this line, Buchanan supported this argument by stating that among the US' 31 million foreign born, a third are illegal, tens of thousands are loyal to the regimes which the US are at war with and some are trained terrorists. (Buchanan: 2) These increase in migration are encountered due to varying degrees of social as well as legal factors and as such, it posed as a threat of deconstructing the American nation for the reason that people have more or less nothing in common in matters like common history, language, culture and ancestors among others. And as such, it may bring forth separatism on account of ethnic and racial background and ideologies. Buchanan in his work pointed out that due to this influx of migration, the United States risked itself on a so called culture war which afterward results in divisiveness among people. There are social and moral issues which confront the varied background of the people which lives side by side in the US. These issues might likewise be considered as "Transvaluation" of all values for the reason that old virtues become sins and the old sins become virtues. (Buchanan: 5) These are among the reasons of Buchanan which leads him to ask "Is the Death of the West irreversible" (Buchanan: 10) The work presented numerous data with regards the decline of the population of the so called Western Civilization vis--vis the increase in population of the so called third world countries. The decline in population among these westerners pointed out people of German, Italian, Russian, British and Japanese decent, which in the same way the author regarded to as superior races in terms of thinking and technological advancement and even economic gains. It can be inferred therefore, that the aforementioned races belongs to the world's highly industrialized zones which are considered to be movers and shakers of our time. Such decline in the population of

Explaining The Iraqi Invasion Of Kuwait Politics Essay

Explaining The Iraqi Invasion Of Kuwait Politics Essay Baram (1994) explains that Iraqs claim to invade Kuwait is based on the argumentation that Kuwait was a district governed by Basra under Ottoman rule and, thus, Iraqi leaders have seen it as historically belonging to Iraq (p.5). Baram goes on to explain that this claim is wrong because Kuwait has long before been under autonomous rule by the Sabah family. Furthermore, she states that Iraqs aspiration to bring Kuwait under its control is partly due to Iraqs need to strengthen and stabilize its regimes legitimacy by uniting the different religious and ethnic minorities of Iraq under Iraqi patriotism (p.5). Iraq opposed the British-drawn borderline between Iraq and Kuwait because it left Iraq with only a short Gulf coastline and gave Kuwait control over the entrance and exit of Iraqs only port (p.6). Even though Iraq accepted Kuwait as a sovereign state in 1963, it did not accept the exact borderline. Iraq was supported by the Soviet Union and because the latter would not support an ann exation of Kuwait by Iraq, Iraq did not act earlier (p.6). Moreover, Iraq received aid from Kuwait during the Iran-Iraq war. Following this war, due to bad economic policies, Iraqi economy stagnated and as a result, Iraq could not demobilize its army which amounted to over 1 million at the end of the 1980s. The reason for this was that Saddam could not risk a high number of unemployed men which might result in social unrest (p.7). However, in order to keep such a high number of soldiers in the standing army, Saddam needed a good reason. Therefore, he started to revitalise the American and Zionist enemy (p.7). Iraq kept on spending on military expenditures which had the intention to turn Iraq into the Gulfs hegemonic power as Iraqs weapons could be used against Israeli offenses which, additionally, would make Iraq the Arabs protector (p.7). The downfall of the Soviet Union was disastrous for Iraq as it lost its biggest supporter in the face of the US. Furthermore, Iraq was alarmed by the Eastern European democratic revolutions bringing the totalitarian regimes down which were equally designed as Saddams Iraq (p.7). Another reason for Iraqi worries in the late 1980s was Iraqs failure to force the Syrian army to leave Lebanon and which was tolerated by the US and other Arab states (p.9). This became, according to Baram, an example for Iraq which saw the possibility to invade Kuwait and which then would be treated by external players like the Lebanon case (ibid.). After the end of the Iran-Iraq war, Iraq invoked the Kuwait crisis two years later by bringing up several issues, such as the border dispute with Kuwait, the Israeli-Palestinian problem, Americas presence in the Gulf, the issue of oil production quotas and Iraqs demand for financial aid (p.9). In order to solve all these issues, Iraq increasingly started to see an invasion of Kuwait as the best solution (ibid.). In 1990, Iraq for the first time publicly offered to take up the role of the Soviet Union as protector for the Arabs (p.10). Additionally, Iraq started to threat Israel in case it would attack any Arab state. These manoeuvres had the purpose to avert the public from increasing economic hardship, as well as the happenings in Eastern Europe and the regimes failure in the Lebanon case (p.11). Iraqs increasing public threats and announcements opened up the danger of Saddam being sucked into a war by his own rhetoric (p.14). Furthermore, this approach showed that Iraq was more and more diverting from a path of domestic policies to external ones in order to solve Iraqs problems (ibid.). Saddam by including the Israeli-Palestinian rhetoric and pan-Arab security, diverted the Arab world with Libya, the PLO, and Jordan being its closes supporters, but also Egypts Mubarak in the beginning supported Iraqs approach towards Arab security by believing in Iraqs good intentions (p.16). After receiving support from at least a fraction of the Arab states for its Arab security approach, Iraq started to accuse Kuwait of stealing oil from Iraq and thus, two strategically important islands in the Gulf should be given to Iraq (ibid.). Iraqi-Kuwait relations further deteriorated when oil prices fell and the OPEC quota was not fully supported by Kuwait (p.17). This in turn led to Iraq starting to mobilise troops and station them at the Kuwaiti border. Iraq shifted its demands whenever it fitted best from economic reasons to territorial claims (p.19). Egypts Mubarak in this period publicly proclaimed that Saddam promised to him that he would not attack Kuwait. The USAs reaction to the build up of the crisis was to send their ambassador Glaspie to talk to Saddam. The ambassador misjudged the situation which had the outcome that diverting and ambiguous signals were sent to Saddam and Washington (p.20). Glaspie did not put pressure on Iraq, instead she followed the approach to ally with it and improve US-Iraq relations (p.20). Glaspie, being in line with the State Departments pos ition, told Saddam that the US does not interfere in inter-Arab affairs such as the Iraq-Kuwait border dispute (ibid.). Seen in this context, the American diplomatic approach was not helpful because it sent the wrong signal to Saddam, namely that America would not use force in inter-Arab disputes (ibid.). Furthermore, in July 1990, the State Department spokesperson announced that the US has no special defence or security commitments to Kuwait (p.21). This made Saddam believe that he could invade Kuwait without US involvement and that it would not make a difference if he took only parts or the entire area of Kuwait (p.21). Taking this risk of invading all of Kuwait was based on the assumption to solve the economic problems of Iraq and to put Iraq into a power position in the Arab region and by doing so mobilise domestic support (p.25). A further explanation of why Iraq invaded all of Kuwait was, according to Baram, Saddams personality treats. Advisors could not interfere in any decis ions already made by Saddam because of his personality. He saw himself as invincible warrior and empire-builder (p.26). Barams text about the reasons of the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait is very comprehensive and comprehensible and it looks at the issue in detail and from different perspectives. What was especially interesting was the detailed description of the US diplomatic approach and how a misjudgement can lead to such far-reaching outcomes. Furthermore, Barams text looks in detail at Saddam as leader and how his decisions were very logical and calculating even though they were based on false assumptions and miscalculations. Therefore, Barams text shows that Saddam did not in any way act irrationally or injudiciously. However, it could be looked at in more detail in how far Saddam became able to act in this way after the fall of the Soviet Union, its main supporter. Baram mentions that the Soviet Union would not support an invasion of Kuwait, but she does not go into more detail concerning the timing of the invasion of Kuwait and the downfall of the Soviet Union. I think the question could have been e xplored in more detail in how far that was also a part of the reason for Saddams invasion at that time or Saddams possibility for invasion since the Soviet Union no longer kept Iraq from invasion. Mark Heller (1994) discusses Iraqs army power and Western perception of the strengths of the Iraqi army. His claim is that the Gulf war was a result of Western misperception of Iraqs army strength and capabilities (p.37). According to him, a Western threat to use military force would have been enough in 1990 after the invasion to persuade Saddam to leave, however, the debate in the Western public undercut this option and made it impossible (ibid.). It was argued that a war with Iraq would result in high numbers of casualties and thus, the message that was send to Saddam was that a military US intervention was very unlikely and withdrawal was not necessary (ibid.). Heller argues that the debate about Iraqi army strength completely ignored the armys performances in the past, which had not been able to perform well in wars against foreign powers even if its weapons were plenty and effective (p.38). The reason for this is that due to Iraqs regime type, it had to give more priority to the preservation of the regime than to the military (p.47). This is due to the fragmentation of the Iraqi population and the lack of legitimacy as well as national identity which makes the regime vulnerable and the army less effective (ibid.). For this reason, Saddam had acquired weapons which could be operated by a highly centralised small elite of soldiers in order not to have to rely on the rest of the army which was rather ineffective (p.48). Heller argues that a war might have not been prevented but at least American response could have been more effective diplomacy-wise if the military capabilities of Iraq had not been overestimated by the public (p.38). Thus, Iraq would have withdrawn if the diplomatic messages and pressure would have been more evident. This article shows a very interesting view point which is not taken up by most other texts which deal with the topic. It shows a completely different angle by looking at US diplomatic shortcomings and where these were rooted in. Even though this article is rather short and more detailed evidence should be given about the public debate in the West, this article tries to give a plausible explanation for US behaviour and why the US did not put more diplomatic pressure on Iraq. However, a little flaw that occurs to me in this text is that even tough the military strength of the standing army overall were more limited, the weapons that could be used by a small elitist group could still be as disastrous concerning casualties as a high number of soldiers. Therefore, in my opinion the argument that the public overestimated the military capabilities loses a little bit of its ground. Nevertheless, the end argument still works because Saddam could have been deterred if the US had used more dipl omatic pressure but this was halted due to public discourse. Clawson (1994) discusses Iraqs economic situation prior to the war and the effects of economic sanctions on Iraq. Clawson establishes that Iraq has all the good preconditions for a well-working economy and a prosperous population. This includes that Iraq has the second largest oil reserves in the world, Iraq has vast and rich agricultural areas and a, to a certain extent, well-trained manpower is available; nevertheless, Iraq has economic problems and the people liver under economic hardship (p.69). According to Clawson, the Iraqi economy has a lot of potential; however, successive Iraqi regimes have put ideology before economic stability and the well-being of the Iraqi population (ibid.). Due to damaging policies, especially the oil and the agricultural sector have been harmed (ibid.). Iraq pursued a confrontational policy towards the oil industry by making claims to Kuwaiti oil fields and it did not pursue closer relations with other oil states as well as developed countries in ord er to profit from efficient technology for oil production. Furthermore, the Baath party completely controlled the economy which halted economic growth (p.70). The government, especially under Saddam, wasted its resources for large-scale projects and investments which did not serve any useful purpose for economic growth. Clawson attributes this to Saddams Nebuchadnezzar complex which means that Saddam wants to build glorious buildings in order to underline his magnificence as a leader (ibid.). In the time prior to the war, Iraq claimed that its financial situation leads it to take action. Iraq, furthermore, claimed that Kuwait is to be blamed for part of its economic situation, which was used in order to distract the Iraqi public from the fact that it was Saddams disastrous economic policies which are responsible for the peoples hardship (p.71). According to Clawson, Iraqs economic situation in 1990 was actually better than it had been the years 1986 to 1989, which could be seen in I raqs ability to repay more debts in 1990 (ibid.). Therefore, Iraqs economic problems are long-term and not due to an allegedly short-term crisis with Kuwait. Saddam was unwilling to cut back on his grand projects for his own glorification and thus, was unable to meet the peoples expectation that after the Iran-Iraq war the economic situation of the population would improve (p.72). Saddams quest for more and more grand projects could only be continued if more money would flow in. At the same time, the argument that many economically important sites have been irreversibly destroyed during the Iran-Iraq war is also not true (p.77). Rather the damage was minor or at least easily reparable and not all economically important places have been destroyed if they were not associated with military sites (ibid.). Therefore, the main obstacle to economic growth for Iraq is Saddams anti-growth policies and the claim that Kuwait is responsible for it or that Iraq would recover with more money floa ting in is wrong. Clawsons article gives a good insight into Iraqs economic situation prior to the war and what the reasons for Iraqs miserable economic situation are. The article invalidates the claim that Iraqs invasion can be justified by short-term economic problems. Rather it is the regimes attempt to divert the attention from its own bad economic policies. Even though this article shows a different perspective on the underlying problems of Iraqs bad economic situation and it does invalidate the claim that Kuwait is in any way involved in Iraqs financial problems, this does not give a satisfactorily explanation why Iraq acted as it did towards Kuwait. The author indeed states that Saddam wanted to disguise the fact that it is his long-term policies that are damaging the economy. However, Saddam could have done that by different means. Therefore, this article should be treated as a one-sighted argument in the context of other arguments. Otherwise, the question could arise why Saddam did not simply spend a little more fraction of the money on the population in order to avoid unrests in the future, or why Saddam did not try to get closer to other states, Western and Arab, in order to receive more aid etc? Thus, overall the articles gives an interesting insight in the domestic economic situation of Iraq but it falls short of giving a complete and satisfactory explanation on why Iraq invaded Kuwait and why not another state or why it did not use other tools to counteract to the economic problems. Halliday (1994) does not approach the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in terms of the reasons for Iraqs decision; rather he describes the invasion and its impact on International Relations theories. Halliday states that the Gulf war in 1990 was one of the most significant international crises of the post-1945 epoch (p.109). Not only was a very high number of soldiers involved but also a high number of international diplomats and diplomacy attempts from various countries. According to Halliday, not enough attention was given to historical events. According to him, the crisis began with the death of Khomeini in 1989 (p.115). Saddam was not able to gain any influence in Iran because it remained stable after the death and therefore, Iraq turned to Kuwait (ibid.). Moreover, Halliday states that the ideology of the Baath party was not taken into account and thus, the outcome was wrongly predicted. Baathism represents the ideal for an Arab nation, a glorification of war and the strong man who figh ts for the Arab nation (p.115). Furthermore, the reason why all the diplomatic efforts that were actually undertaken failed was that Saddam believed that the US would not intervene militarily (p.116). Additionally, Saddam was only expecting sanctions which would have not meant an irreconcilable for him and Iraq (ibid.). According to Halliday, realists see the Gulf war as an interstate-conflict. For transnationalists the economic dimension was most important and the preservation of economic, i.e. oil, interests on all sides (p.120). For Marxists and structuralists, in turn, the war was one of a dominant and a subordinated power and which was justified by Western materialist interests, i.e. oil and which reinforced hegemonic power in the Middle East (ibid.). However, all these theories fail to explain the entirety of the Gulf war. Realists cannot properly explain why Iraq invaded all of Kuwait if it was not seen as one of the biggest miscalculation and misjudgements by Saddam (p.120). Furthermore, Iraqs references to pan-Arabism and Islamic issues cannot be properly explained by realist theory. Transnationalism, in turn, do not have a satisfactorily explanation for the UNs decision outcome which was not based on mutual decisions by various states but rather it was based solely on US ideas (ibid.). Furthermore, Marxists and structuralists theory is not completely applicable either because if the war was of imperial nature then this would mean that Iraq has to display a more progressive level of development in the international arena, which is not the case due to Iraqs Baathist ideology and its brutal regime among other reasons (p.120). As a reason Halliday concludes that such an event as the Gulf war in 1990 means that theoretical approaches have to be revised and thought through again more thoroughly (p.129). However, this does not mean that the existing theories have to be overthrown altogether, rather the war tested the limits of these theories and accordingly they have to be amended and adjusted. Even though this article does not contribute to the answering of the above stated question, it does give an interesting insight into the studies of IR and the reactions of theorists from different strands to this political event. Furthermore, it shows how such an event as the Gulf war can lead to a revision even if of limited degree of the existing theories. The summary of the article above is only a small extract of Hallidays text but it still shows the impact of political events on the studies of IR. The text is well-written and comprehensible, however, one question arises for me and that is how an outcome due to misconceptions and a rational intention are mutually exclusive as stated by Halliday in the context of realist assumptions? Saddam could have had intentions based on rational thinking; however, these rational ideas could have been based on misjudgements. Even tough this point is not clear to me, the overall message of the article, namely that the war presented new realitie s and facts which cannot be satisfactorily explained by existing theories and, therefore, a revision and partial reconsideration has to take place, is still an important conclusion. This shows that IR theories cannot be rigid and that constant improvement is important if they want to be able to explain and discuss political events in a future international arena.

Miranda is an American short story, which was published in 1988

â€Å"Miranda† is an American short story, which was published in 1988. It points up the conflicts that might arise when a young girl finds out that she is pregnant. In addition to the obligatory section B, I will in my essay incorporate a short analysis of the text. The main character's name is â€Å"Miranda† as the title of the story. Miranda is an 18 year old girl who, in the beginning of the story, lives at home by her parents in Los Angeles, California. The story starts the day before she leaves for College in Boston. As the story progresses Miranda's feelings are changing. In the beginning of the story she seems like a well-balanced girl. She has everything: freedom, a great boyfriend and understanding parents. She seems like any other teenage girl. But as she finds out she is pregnant, she is slowly changing. She gets more and more sceptical towards her surroundings and the whole thing with the pregnancy is not easy for her either. She also becomes more serious and melancholic, because she learns more about life; about what is consists of. Holly is Miranda's friend and roommate in Boston. She is a year older than Miranda and a more free-minded kind of girl who tries to get Miranda to see things from her point of view. She is a girl who just wants to have fun and not necessarily always thinks of the consequences of her actions. That shows when she often sleeps with her new friend Brian on week nights, and then subsequently gets visited by her boyfriend Tom in the weekends. Holly's role in the story is to put Miranda into a situation where she has to choose, to tell the reader what kind of girl Miranda is; what her values are. That seems pretty obvious when Miranda says that she wants to be owned, and that she will marry Michael. (p. 4, l. 95) Holly represents the common opinion and she is the contrast to Miranda. When Miranda comes home to her parents, they are having a conversation about her pregnancy with her and Michael. Their reaction reflects the society they live in and they are, surprisingly, more than understanding and sympathizing – or so it would seem. As a true product of their environment, they strongly advise Miranda to get an abortion. Miranda's parents do not want a daughter who does not study and therefore cannot get an education. As her mother says, she will end up as a dumb little house-wife. (p. 5, l. 147) They want her to have an abortion, so she does not end up in misery. That is not only best for her and Michael, but also for the unborn child. Miranda is mortified at the thought of killing her child. She does not care about the hardships – she is willing to accept the responsibility of the child and raise it. When her parents realise that they are not reaching Miranda, they turn to Michael in an effort to influence him. Michael is young and at school, just the same as Miranda, and although he loves her and accepts the responsibility of the child, he is thinking of his future as well as. When he first heard the news, he soon talked about marriage, because he felt that it was the right thing to do. On the other hand Michael is relieved that her parents are trying to talk her out of it, because he realized that he is not ready to be a father. Michael knows he cannot forsake the baby, otherwise he would scar Miranda. He cannot look Miranda in the eyes; probably because he feels ashamed and guilty about the whole situation. Michael is hurting Miranda when he acts the way he does. She can see that his eyes are full of relief and gratitude when her parents come to the rescue for him. In a sense they buy Michael because they know that if he wont help raise the child, neither will Miranda. Unfortunately, Michael soon realises his mistake – by giving up on the baby, he is also giving up on Miranda. You could say that the choice was between Miranda and the child, or Michael and his future. â€Å"†¦ She looked at Michael. He looked at her, guilty, ashamed (p. 6, l. 195)†¦ He had both won and lost, and his unhappy face struggled to endure both. p. 6, l. 197) The central theme in this short story is teenage pregnancy and the worries and difficulties it brings along with it. The decision to have an abortion or not is a very complicated, because it brings up intense feelings and moral questions, and this often place people in difficult situations. Miranda is an example of a girl who has a lot of thoughts after becoming pregnant. She truly wants to have the baby, but ends up giving in to the fight with her parents. Miranda falls under the traditional values of what is â€Å"the right thing to do,† but at the same time she abandons her chance for happiness. That leads us to another theme in the story: Society's view on success and happiness. Today, the ultimate idea of success is to please ourselves first, get that major degree and job – then plan a family and a future. Miranda sees it all more simply; she has a baby, she is willing to take responsibility, and plans her future along a different path than society wants for her. Every so often you have to listen to your heart, in order to make yourself happy. Maybe that means going against everyone you know and all you've been taught, but sometimes, that is the only way to be happy.